1. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the words in capitals.
   1) Don’t worry, I’m sure John will be here any minute. He’s the most reliable person I know.
   2) Helen’s almost twenty, but she’s still very immature. She often does silly things.
   3) Lucy is a very caring person and is always ready to help her friends.
   4) Jason is not particularly adventurous. Every summer he goes to the same beach resort in Spain.
   5) All Yvonne’s stories are full of surprises. She’s a very imaginative writer.
   6) Charles is a charming young man.
2. Read the definitions in brackets and complete the words. The first letter of each word is given.
   1) He wanted to ask Betty out on a date (go out with someone you fancy), but he was too shy.
   2) Most of my ancestors (family members who lived in the past) came from Ireland.
   3) It’s important to protect your sight (ability to see). Remember to wear sunglasses on sunny days.
   4) Laura was a gorgeous girl with red hair and freckles (small brown spots) on her nose.
   5) Scientists are still looking for new ways to treat baldness (the condition of having little or no hair).
3. Complete the sentences with the Present Simple or Present Continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
   1) Why are you looking at me like that? Is there something wrong with my hair?
   2) Pam does not remember when her mother let her put make-up on for the first time.
   3) Tom is having lunch, and we have to wait for him.
   I do not think this is a good idea.
   5) Stuart looks very smart in his new woollen suit and black leather shoes.
   6) Jane, do you understand why people should be kind to each other?
4. Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms.
   1) Our uncle is on holiday, and we have been looking after his dog since Monday.
   2) How many bracelets have you made this morning? Enough for everyone?3) I think I have inherited most genes from my mum because we have similar looks.
   4) How long has Gina been working on the project
   5) Helen is very busy at university, but she has not lost touch with her friends.
   6) My older brother has been going to the same music festival for five years now.
5. Choose the correct answer, A, B, or C.
   1) A: What’s that? A new T-shirt in this photo?
   B: It’s not new. It’s my dad’s old T-shirt from the eighties.
   B. Are you wearing
   2) Al was happy to see Jessica at the school reunion.
   B: And who’s she exactly?
   A: She used to be my best friend in primary school, but when my family moved to Bristol, I B. lost touch.
   3) A: What have you been doing?
   B: Nothing special. I C. have been writing an email to Lucy to ask her about the class project. I hope she replies soon.
   4) A: I guess Tom must be really ___ now that his brother has inherited a
   cottage from their aunt.
   B: He says he isn’t, but I know that is not true.
   C. jealous
   5) A: Can you have a look at this picture?
   B: Well, I’m not sure either.
   A. I can’t make out what it shows.
6. Read the text and choose the correct answer, A, B, or C.
   PARENTS ON FACEBOOK
   Young people have been using (C) Facebook actively for a long time. In fact, not long ago, people under twenty-five were the biggest group of users. But now, more and more middle-aged people (B) sign up for Facebook, with the 40-54-year-olds becoming particularly interested in it.
   So, what do your parents think (A) about Facebook? If they haven’t created a profile yet, they will probably do so in the near future. And then, they will want to be your online (B) friends and follow your profile!
   When this happens, should you accept or reject their invitation? There is no good answer for everyone. If you have a good relationship (A) with your parents and tell them everything about your life, you may say yes. The worst thing is to do nothing. You can’t pretend you haven’t seen the invitation or say that you’re busy with schoolwork and you’re not using Facebook. Be brave (B) about it. You will have to take a decision one day.

7. Read the text and choose the correct answer, A, B, C, or D.

1) According to the text, Stella McCartney:
B. had a high position at a relatively young age.
2) Which statement is true about Stella McCartney?
D. No animal products are used in her fashions.
3) Why did Stella refuse to work with the factory?
A. The production method was not ethical.
4) In Stella’s opinion, what should designers do?
B. Question the methods of their production.
5) The aim of the text is to
C. Explain the philosophy behind Stella’s collections.
8. Look at the photos. They show people discussing what clothes to wear. In pairs, take turns to compare the photos and say why the people might have different opinions about the clothes.
9. Do you find it easy to choose what clothes to wear?

It is usually easy for me to choose what clothes to wear. For everyday, I pick something comfortable and good for the weather. If I go to a special event, it is a bit harder. I want my clothes to look nice and match the occasion. Sometimes, I take more time to decide.

10) Read part of an email you have received from your
Hi Dave,

Thanks for your email! That sounds like a great idea. I have a friend named Arman who would love to exchange emails with Ryan. He is 16 years old and lives in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. Arman speaks good English and enjoys meeting new people. He is really into football and plays for a local team. He also likes video games, especially strategy games on PC. Arman is very friendly and easy to talk to, so I think he and Ryan will get along well. Let me know if Ryan is interested, and I can give you Arman’s email. Looking forward to hearing from you! Best,
[Robert Mkhitaryan]

1. Rewrite each sentence as reported speech with tense changes.
   2. He said he’d forgotten to phone the doctor.
   3. He said everybody liked comedy films.
   4. He said he was thinking about it.
   5. She said she was reading a paper.
   6. She said scientists didn’t understand everything.
   7. He said he’d decided to look for a new job.
   8. He said he could swim 5,000 metres.
   9. She said she was going to have a baby.
   10. He said he’d phone on Friday.
2. Read the information about the Trojan War. Then put one pronoun or reference word
   Here is the completed text with the correct words in each space:
   
   A) Paris told Helen that he loved a. her and he wanted b. her to go to Troy with c. him.
   B) Menelaus told his brother that he was going to attack Troy and get d. his wife back because e. she loved f. him best.
   C) The Greek heroes told Menelaus that g. they would go with h. him to attack Troy and get i. his wife back.
   D) The Greeks said that they had been fighting j. there for nine years and they wanted to get back to k. their families.
   E) Odysseus told them that he was going to take some soldiers with l. him inside m. the wooden horse.
   F) Odysseus told the Greeks that n. his plan had worked and the city was o. theirs.

3. Read the information about Heinrich Schliemann. Then complete the text by writing said or told in each space. 

Recently many experts have said: «Schliemann had a habit of not telling the truth, and this has rised doubts about his work.» For example, he told everyone: «I am a US citizen», but in fact this wasn’t true. He also said: «I have a degree from the University of Rostock», but in fact the university rejected his thesis. He said: «I have found gold jewellery at Hissarlik», but some people believe these were modern pieces. In fact, his servant later told people: «No jewellery have been found in the places that Schliemann claims to have found it.» He also told the authorities in Turkey: » He is an archaeologist, but he doesn’t have any qualifications.» When he talked about his work, he always told people: «I have dreamed of finding Troy when I was a small boy», but many people feel that he invented this story later. However, although many archaeologists at the time said: «His work is inaccurate, we have to remember that archaeology was not a science in Schliemann’s time». He may not have alwys told the truth, but he brought a lot of energy to the discovery of the ancient world, and devoted his life and his wealth to his excavations.

4. Rewrite each sentence about Schliemann as reported speech.

a) He said that his father had read the stories to him when he was a child.

b) He said that he had always believed that Troy was a real place.

c) He said that at an early age he had decided to discover the site of the city.

d) He said that for many years he had worked as a merchant in the USA and Russia.

e) He said that he was a wealthy man and had retired from business.

f) He said that he had first gone to the site at Hissarlik in 1868.

g) He said that since then he had spent a lot of his own money on the excavation.

h) He said that he was working with a British archaeologist.

i) He said that they were hoping to prove that Hissarlik was the site of ancient Troy.

5. Read the statement from a news conference held at an archaeological site. Then answer the questions.

a) she told the journalists that she was the director of the dig.

b) she said that she wanted to explain how they had found the site and what they had been doing there.

c) she told the journalists that she was sure they had read the publicity handout and knew something about the site.

d) she said that it was important to give them the latest information.

e) she told them that she was going to describe some of the interesting discoveries they had made.

f) she said that she would give a general account of the project.

g) she told them that she would show some slides of the site.

h) she said that there would be a chance for them to look at some fascinating objects.

i) she told them that they had brought some of the more spectacular finds.

j) she said that the objects were waiting for them in the room next door.

k) she told them that they would be able to take photographs.

l) she said that they had been very patient.

1. Underline the correct word or phrase.
   
   a) New research shows some young people can’t help eating food which contains large amounts of sugar, salt, and animal fat.
   
   b) Many young people also avoid taking any exercise.
   
   c) They don’t even enjoy walking to school or playing active games with their friends.
   
   d) For too many young people, enjoyment involves sitting in front of the television, or in front of a computer playing games.
   
   e) Of course, if they keep doing this, they are very likely to have health problems at an early age.
   
   f) Health experts suggest taking hard exercise at least three times a week.
   
   g) This means running, cycling, or swimming.
   
   h) So even if you don’t feel like taking exercise, it’s important to organize regular exercise activities.
   
   i) You could go swimming or jogging, for example.
   
   j) You may also consider changing your diet and eating more fruit and fresh vegetables.
2. Complete each sentence a to h with an ending from 1 to 8.
   
   a) For a Roman soldier, joining the Roman army meant 6 remaining in service from 20 to 30 years.
   
   b) He received wages but had to spend money too, since being in the army involved 2 buying his own food, uniform, and weapons.
   
   c) In the early days of Rome, everyone became a soldier, and young men couldn’t avoid 8 serving in the army if there was a war, as it was compulsory.
   
   d) However, as time went on, fewer Romans served as soldiers. The army stopped 4 taking all the young Roman men, and service became voluntary.
   
   e) When the army was at the height of its power, an enemy who considered 3 attacking it faced very serious problems.
   
   f) Unless the enemy had very large numbers of soldiers or attacked by surprise, they risked 1 being completely destroyed by the ancient world’s best fighting force.
   
   g) Foreign armies were often disorganized and ran away, but the Romans always kept 5 fighting until the end if necessary, and rarely surrendered.
   
   h) The Romans were more successful because their soldiers spent more time 7 training to use their weapons and fighting in organized groups.
   
3. Complete the text with the -ing or to-infinitive form of the verbs in brackets.
   
   People who remember to do everything they have planned are usually people who organize their tasks in some way and avoid getting into a muddle. A shopping list is a good example of this technique, provided you remember to take the list with you when you go shopping.
   It’s sometimes possible to remember a fact, for example, if first of all you stop to think for a few moments. When you try to remember something, this will be easier if you have learnt it in an organized way. If you are not sure how to do this, try writing brief notes about the text you are reading. Many people find this an effective way of learning. After all, it’s easy to read something and not understand or remember it, usually because you have stopped paying attention.
   

4. Complete the text with a word from the list. You will have to use some words more than once.

As well as being a scientist, Galileo was interested IN painting and music. He started his studies BY attending medical school in Padua. Unlike most scientists at that time, who usually relied ON discussing the facts, not trying to prove them,he recognized the importance OF doing experiments to prove the facts. He is famous FOR  dropping different

weights from the Tower of Pisa to prove that all bodies fall at the same rate, though this is probably not a true story. Through practice, he also became good AT observing the stars,and identified craters on the Moon, sunspots, and the moons of Jupiter. As a result OF studying the planet Venus, he succeeded IN proving that Copernieus was correct, and that the Earth moved around the Sun. Unfortunately, the Church authorities accused him OF  publishing unacceptable ideas. In the end he was forced to choose between being punished by the Church, or denying his own ideas. He spent most of the last nine years of his life imprisoned in his own house.

5. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word in capitals.

a. Are you INTERESTED in fossil-collecting?
b. Does walking long distances INVOLVE in your daily routine?
c. I often KEEP finding rocks that aren’t really fossils.
d. When you look for fossils on a cliff, there is a RISK of falling.
e. I really think this is the wrong place to look for fossils, it won’t HELP you much.
f. Going on the club trip MEANS getting up early.
g. I REMEMBER leaving my hammer at home.
h. I FEEL like sitting down and having a rest!
i. I have the knowledge and skill to find fossils, I know how to do it.
j. Don’t take up a hobby unless it’s WORTH it and you’re serious about it.