I. The Changing Role of Public Libraries

1. What is the main reason modern libraries have changed their services?
   
   a) People no longer read books.
   b) They are responding to technological and social changes.
   c) Governments have prohibited traditional libraries.
   d) Printed books have completely disappeared.
   
2. Traditionally, one of the main purposes of libraries was to
   
   a) produce digital content.
   b) organize community festivals.
   c) provide access to information.
   d) teach computer programming.
   
3. The pronoun “they” in paragraph 4 refers to
   
   a) researchers.
   b) visitors.
   c) librarians.
   d) social media users.
   
4. Makerspaces are mentioned as places where people can
   
   a) buy new computers.
   b) create things using technology.
   c) read only printed materials.
   d) work without interacting with others.
   
5. The word “reliable” is closest in meaning to
   
   a) trustworthy.
   b) expensive.
   c) complicated.
   d) temporary.
   
6. Which statement is NOT true according to the text?
   
   a) Some libraries provide Internet access.
   b) Librarians may help people evaluate information.
   c) Digital technology has eliminated the need for physical libraries.
   d) Libraries may organize courses and workshops.
   
7. The final paragraph mainly discusses
   
   a) difficulties libraries have to manage.
   b) the history of printed books.
   c) ways of becoming a librarian.
   d) reasons people dislike technology.
   
8. What can be inferred about modern librarians?
   
   a) They only need knowledge of literature.
   b) Their work requires a wider range of skills than before.
   c) Their role has become unnecessary.
   d) They mainly repair computers.
   
9. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the text?
   
   a) Modern technology has made public libraries unnecessary.
   b) Libraries should stop lending printed books.
   c) Libraries have remained useful by expanding their functions.
   d) Libraries are mainly entertainment centres today.
   
10. The text is mainly organized as
    
    a) an explanation of how libraries have evolved and adapted.
    b) an argument against digital technology.
    c) instructions for establishing a library.
    d) a comparison of libraries in different countries.

II. Choose the right option

Text A 11. Online education has expanded rapidly over the past decade.

a) has expanded
b) expanded
c) had expanded
d) is expanded

12. When universities first began offering online courses, many educators believed that students would learn less effectively outside traditional classrooms.

a) believe
b) had believing
c) believed
d) have believed

13. During the global pandemic, however, thousands of institutions were forced to move lessons online.

a) were forced
b) have forced
c) forced
d) are forcing

14. By the time campuses fully reopened, many teachers had developed new digital teaching skills.

a) develop
b) have developed
c) had developed
d) will develop

15. Experts believe that online tools will remain an important part of education in the future.

a) remained
b) will remain
c) had remained
d) were remaining

Text B 16. By 2050, many large cities will have introduced new methods of producing food locally.

a) will have introduced
b) introduced
c) have introduced
d) were introducing

№ 17 Currently, urban planners are experimenting with rooftop gardens and vertical farms. a) experimented b) are experimenting c) had experimented d) will have experimented

№ 18 Such systems are designed to reduce the distance food travels before reaching consumers. a) design b) designed c) are designed d) have designing

№ 19 If production costs decrease, more businesses may adopt these technologies. a) may adopt b) must have adopted c) had adopted d) are adopted

№ 20 As a result, traditional supply chains could be shortened considerably. a) could shorten b) could be shortened c) have shortening d) were shorten

Text C

№ 21 Because the wood was unusually well preserved, experts believe that it must have been covered quickly by mud. a) must have been covered b) must cover c) should cover d) had to covering

№ 22 Its owners may have left it during a sudden flood. a) may have left b) may leave c) should be leaving d) have to leave

№ 23 Some objects found inside came from a distant region, so the boat could have been used for trade. a) could have been used b) could use c) must be using d) may used

№ 24 Since one side was badly damaged, it might have struck a rock before being abandoned. a) might have struck b) might strike c) has to strike d) might be struck

№ 25 Archaeologists say they cannot yet determine exactly what happened until further research is completed. a) cannot yet determine b) must have determined c) had determined d) should determining

III. Choose the appropriate option

№ 26 The committee consists of twelve members. a) from b) of c) with d) at

№ 27 She speaks English fluently enough to take part in the international conference. a) enough fluently b) fluent enough c) fluently enough d) enough fluent

№ 28 It was such a difficult task that several students needed additional time. a) so b) such c) such a d) so a

№ 29 I used to get up very early when I lived in the countryside. a) used to b) was used c) use to d) am used to

№ 30 Everyone attended the meeting except Mark, who was ill. a) besides b) beside c) except d) apart

№ 31 The number of applicants has increased considerably this year. a) have increased b) has increased c) are increasing d) have been increase

№ 32 I wish I had had more time to prepare yesterday. a) have b) had c) had had d) would have

№ 33 You had better call the doctor immediately. a) to call b) calling c) called d) call

№ 34 «I haven’t read that novel yet.» — «Neither have I.» a) So haven’t I b) Neither have I c) Neither I have d) Nor I haven’t

№ 35 The roof needs repairing before winter begins. a) repair b) repaired c) repairing d) to repairing

№ 36 He whispered so that he wouldn’t wake the baby. a) because b) so that c) although d) despite

№ 37 You cannot enter the building unless you show your identification card. a) unless b) if c) because d) although

IV. Fill in the blanks with the word form that best fits each space

№ 38 Careful planning is necessary before an experiment begins. a) planner b) planned c) planning d) planful

№ 39 Researchers should remain objective even when the results do not support their original ideas. a) objectively b) objective c) objectivity d) object

№ 40 All measurements must be recorded accurately, because even small errors may affect the final result. a) accuracy b) accurate c) accurately d) inaccurate

№ 41 Unexpected findings can sometimes lead to important discoveries. a) discover b) discoveries c) discovering d) discoverable

№ 42 Finally, scientists must communicate their conclusions clearly so that other researchers can evaluate their work. a) clearly b) clearness c) clear d) clearing

Օր 1. Երկուշաբթի։ 1 ժամ։

Gateway B1. Student’s book.

Check page 9. page 10 discussion

Pages 9-11. Do the exercises. Discuss the questions.

5 Complete the dialogue with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs given.

Hi, Ella. What (a) are you doing now? Are you at home?

No, I (b) am doing homework in the library.

Why (c) are you studying there?

I normally (d) come to the library on Tuesday evenings. My uncle and aunt usually (e) visit my parents. They always (f) make a lot of noise.

I (g) know! My little cousin (h) is here at the moment. She (i) is crying right now and I can’t concentrate. My parents (j) think it’s funny. Right now they (k) are taking photos of the little monster!

Poor thing! I (l) don’t believe that she’s that bad.

Developing vocabulary

2a Look at the words in bold in the text and check that you understand them. Which words are verbs and which are adjectives?

• Verbs: explain, embarrass, solve, enjoy, improve, connect
• Adjectives: confident, adolescent, independent

2b Complete the text in 2a by adding the noun suffixes -ment, -ion, or -ence to the words in bold.

(a) explanation

(b) confidence

(c) adolescence

(d) embarrassment

(e) solution

(f) enjoyment

(g) improvement

(h) independence

(i) Connection

3 Complete the words in the sentences. One word is plural.

1 How can you improvement… (Note: if filling in as a noun format directly: improvement)

2 Do you think you are an independent learner?

3 Have you got a lot of confidence when you speak in English, or does it embarrass you?

4 Are there many differences between English and your language?

4 Read the text and answer the questions.

1 What negative ideas do people have about becoming old?
People think that being lonely and unhappy is a normal part of getting old.

2 In what ways can negative attitudes be a problem for senior citizens?
They can lead to increased memory loss, a worse ability to recover from illness, and a negative body image.

3 What positive discovery did the research make?
69% of people agreed that older people are fundamentally no different from people of other ages.

5 Follow the instructions.

1 Sentence: «69% of people agreed that ‘fundamentally, older people are no different from people of other ages’.» 2 Phrase: «opportunity for new experiences» 3 Word: «attitudes»

6 Ask and answer the questions.

1 What negative attitudes do you think exist towards teenagers? Are they justified?
People often think teenagers are lazy, rude, or spend too much time on their phones. No, they are not justified because most teenagers work hard and care about their future.

2 What do you think are the positive attitudes that society should have towards teenagers? Society should see teenagers as creative, energetic, and open-minded people who have great new ideas.

Օր 2 . Երեքշաբթի 2 ժամ։

Video discussions, pages 10-11

Done

Օր 3. Հինգշաբթի։ 1 ժամ։

English Flashmob

Grammar. page 12.

1a. Look at these sentences and then complete rules 1–5 with a/an, the or no article.

1. We use no article when we talk about things in general.
2. We use the to talk about a specific person or thing, or a person or thing mentioned before.
3. We use a / an to talk about a singular, countable person or thing for the first time, or to say that the person or thing is one of a number of people or things.
4. We use the to talk about someone or something that is unique.
5. We use a / an to say what somebody’s profession is.

2. Complete the sentences with the if necessary.

1. Today on the programme, they’re talking about no article family arguments.
2. I think it’s normal that no article teenagers sometimes argue with no article parents.
3. In my case, the problems I have are never very serious.
4. Her dad works for the government.
5. I don’t really like no article video games.
6. We sometime argue about the music that I listen to.
7. This is no article research into family relationships that I told you about yesterday.
8. I think one of the big things families disagree about is when to do no article homework.

3. Find and correct one mistake with articles in each sentence.

1. I have the sister and two brothers.
   • I have a sister and two brothers.
2. My dad is the doctor in a big hospital.
   • My dad is a doctor in a big hospital.
3. Can you send me the photos you took yesterday?
   • Can you send me the photos you took yesterday?
4. We had an argument yesterday but an argument wasn’t serious.
   • We had an argument yesterday but the argument wasn’t serious.
5. That man is the teacher at my cousin’s school.
   • That man is a teacher at my cousin’s school.
6. I’m reading a report from the University of Michigan.
   • I’m reading a report from the University of Michigan.
7. Let me help you if you have the problem.
   • Let me help you if you have a problem.
8. The concentration is really important when you study.
   • No article Concentration is really important when you study.

Օր 4. Ուրբաթ։ 2 ժամ

Speaking. pages 13-14

Culture exchange

Family dinners

Dolmio® is (a) an Australian-British company that makes (b) the Italian food. The company discovered some interesting information about (c) — family dinners. They found that at dinner time in the UK, 67 % of (d) the family arguments are because of (e) — technology. Fifty-four percent of parents think that it has (f) a negative impact on family time at dinner. Children use (g) the phones or tablets to play or watch (h) — videos, for example. This can be (i) a problem because all communication stops. In a filmed experiment, (j) the child is at home playing with (k) the tablet at (l) the dinner table. He is concentrating so much on playing that he doesn’t notice what’s happening around him. His family disappears one by one and complete strangers come and sit at (m) the table! (n) The message is clear: switch your tablet off and talk to your family when you eat together!

5. Complete the questions with a, an, the or — (for no article).

1. Do you think — family dinners are a good idea?
2. Do you talk about — important things when you have — dinner?
3. Are — family dinners an important part of life in your country?
4. Do you think it’s important to do — activities together with your family?
5. Is there a video game that your family enjoys playing together?
6. Do you think it is important to like — same things as your parents?
7. Do you ever have — arguments with your family about using technology?

Understanding your parents

Dean Burnett is (a) a doctor of neuroscience. He is also (b) the author of (c) a new book called ‘Why your parents are driving you up the wall and what to do about it’ (Penguin, 2019). He wrote (d) the book to help (e) — teenagers to understand their parents. There are lots of books for (f) — parents about this question, but not many written for (g) — young people. He says that (h) — problems in (i) the relationship between (j) — youngsters and (k) — adults are nothing new. (l) The ancient Greek philosopher Socrates talked about them 2500 years ago! Dean thinks that (m) the key to understanding your parents is to simply realise that your brain works differently when you are (n) a teenager and when you are (o) an adult.

3. Listen again. Complete the questions in the Speaking bank.

• Have you got any brothers or sisters?
• What about you?
• What do you do at the weekend/in the evenings/on Wednesdays?
• How often do you play?
• Do you like basketball?
• What’s your favourite school subject?

5. Complete the questions and practise saying them with the correct intonation.

1. Have you got any brothers or sisters?
2. How old are they?
3. Where do they study?
4. What do you do at the weekend?
5. Do you like playing video games?
6. Do you like sport?
7. What’s your favourite school subject?
8. How often do you see your grandparents and extended family?

Օր 1. Երկուշաբթի։ 1 ժամ։

Gateway B1. Student’s book.

Get to know each other.

Օր 2 . Երեքշաբթի 2 ժամ։

Pages 1-2. Do the exercises. Discuss the text.

Օր 3. Հինգշաբթի։ 1 ժամ։

Grammar in context. Page 8.

1a. Present Simple / Present Continuous

a His mother is filming him. — Present continuous
b Some users don’t check their privacy settings. — Present simple
c All babies cry. — Present simple

1b. Match explanations (1–3)

1 For regular or routine actions — b
2 For things that are always or generally true — c
3 For actions that are happening now or temporary actions — a

1c. Complete with the verb «study»

Present simple
Affirmative: He studies history.
Negative: He doesn’t study physics.
Question form: Does he study English?

Present continuous
Affirmative: She is studying English now.
Negative: She isn’t studying maths now.
Question form: Is she studying French?

2a. Time expressions

Present Simple: on Saturday mornings, usually, three languages, normally
Present Continuous: at the moment, near my house (location), right now

2b. Write questions (1–7)

1 What do you do on Saturday mornings?
2 What are your grandparents doing at the moment?
3 Where do your cousins live?
4 Where does your family usually go in the summer holidays?
5 Is your best friend studying English right now?
6 How many languages does your dad speak?
7 Do you normally study on Friday evenings?

3b. Answer the questions

1 don’t like, need, think describe a state/situation. ‘re thinking describes an action.
2 Yes (e.g., think can mean «believe» [state] or «brain activity right now» [action]).
3 Verbs describing states/situations are in the present simple.

3c. States/situations or actions? All of these verbs usually describe states/situations: love, hate, believe, know, understand, want, care.

4. Choose the correct alternative

(a) hate
(b) post
(c) do you think
(d) want
(e) are playing
(f) know
(g) are watching
(h) understand
(i) need
(j) are selling
(k) believe
(l) care

text

Many kids hate it when parents post their photos online. It is even worse for the children of. Paparazzi watch them all the time. Sometimes their parents even sell photos of them. Many people think this is wrong and that parents should care more about their children’s privacy

Օր 4. Ուրբաթ։ 2 ժամ

Pages 9-11. Do the exercises. Discuss the questions.

Pages 9-11. Do the exercises. Discuss the questions.

5 Complete the dialogue with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs given.

Hi, Ella. What (a) are you doing now? Are you at home?

No, I (b) am doing homework in the library.

Why (c) are you studying there?

I normally (d) come to the library on Tuesday evenings. My uncle and aunt usually (e) visit my parents. They always (f) make a lot of noise.

I (g) know! My little cousin (h) is here at the moment. She (i) is crying right now and I can’t concentrate. My parents (j) think it’s funny. Right now they (k) are taking photos of the little monster!

Poor thing! I (l) don’t believe that she’s that bad.

Developing vocabulary

2a Look at the words in bold in the text and check that you understand them. Which words are verbs and which are adjectives?

• Verbs: explain, embarrass, solve, enjoy, improve, connect
• Adjectives: confident, adolescent, independent

2b Complete the text in 2a by adding the noun suffixes -ment, -ion, or -ence to the words in bold.

(a) explanation

(b) confidence

(c) adolescence

(d) embarrassment

(e) solution

(f) enjoyment

(g) improvement

(h) independence

(i) Connection

3 Complete the words in the sentences. One word is plural.

1 How can you improvement… (Note: if filling in as a noun format directly: improvement)

2 Do you think you are an independent learner?

3 Have you got a lot of confidence when you speak in English, or does it embarrass you?

4 Are there many differences between English and your language?

4 Read the text and answer the questions.

1 What negative ideas do people have about becoming old?
People think that being lonely and unhappy is a normal part of getting old.

2 In what ways can negative attitudes be a problem for senior citizens?
They can lead to increased memory loss, a worse ability to recover from illness, and a negative body image.

3 What positive discovery did the research make?
69% of people agreed that older people are fundamentally no different from people of other ages.

5 Follow the instructions.

1 Sentence: «69% of people agreed that ‘fundamentally, older people are no different from people of other ages’.» 2 Phrase: «opportunity for new experiences» 3 Word: «attitudes»

6 Ask and answer the questions.

1 What negative attitudes do you think exist towards teenagers? Are they justified?
People often think teenagers are lazy, rude, or spend too much time on their phones. No, they are not justified because most teenagers work hard and care about their future.

2 What do you think are the positive attitudes that society should have towards teenagers? Society should see teenagers a

1a. Present Simple / Present Continuous

a His mother is filming him. — Present continuous
b Some users don’t check their privacy settings. — Present simple
c All babies cry. — Present simple

1b. Match explanations (1–3)

1 For regular or routine actions — b
2 For things that are always or generally true — c
3 For actions that are happening now or temporary actions — a

1c. Complete with the verb «study»

Present simple
Affirmative: He studies history.
Negative: He doesn’t study physics.
Question form: Does he study English?

Present continuous
Affirmative: She is studying English now.
Negative: She isn’t studying maths now.
Question form: Is she studying French?

2a. Time expressions

Present Simple: on Saturday mornings, usually, three languages, normally
Present Continuous: at the moment, near my house (location), right now

2b. Write questions (1–7)

1 What do you do on Saturday mornings?
2 What are your grandparents doing at the moment?
3 Where do your cousins live?
4 Where does your family usually go in the summer holidays?
5 Is your best friend studying English right now?
6 How many languages does your dad speak?
7 Do you normally study on Friday evenings?

3b. Answer the questions

1 don’t like, need, think describe a state/situation. ‘re thinking describes an action.
2 Yes (e.g., think can mean «believe» [state] or «brain activity right now» [action]).
3 Verbs describing states/situations are in the present simple.

3c. States/situations or actions? All of these verbs usually describe states/situations: love, hate, believe, know, understand, want, care.

4. Choose the correct alternative

(a) hate
(b) post
(c) do you think
(d) want
(e) are playing
(f) know
(g) are watching
(h) understand
(i) need
(j) are selling
(k) believe
(l) care

text

Many kids hate it when parents post their photos online. It is even worse for the children of. Paparazzi watch them all the time. Sometimes their parents even sell photos of them. Many people think this is wrong and that parents should care more about their children’s privacy

1. Put the stages of life in order and decide approximately what ages go with each stage of life.

baby: 0 to 1 year old
toddler: 1 to 3 years old
child: 4 to 12 years old
teenager: 13 to 19 years old
young adult: 20 to 39 years old
middle-aged (man/woman): 40 to 64 years old
senior citizen: 65+ years old

2. Complete the table with these words.

Male: aunt (incorrect box, should be female), brother-in-law, father, grandfather, grandson, husband, nephew, son, stepfather, uncle

Female: aunt, daughter, mother, mother-in-law, grandmother, granddaughter, great-grandmother, niece, stepmother, wife

Male or female: cousin, grandchild, great-grandparent, parent, relative, son/daughter-in-law

3 a Complete the text with the correct form of some of the words in 2.

Chrissy Teigen is a famous model and food writer who is married to another celebrity. Her (a) husband is the Oscar-winning singer John Legend. They have two children, a (b) daughter called Luna, and a (c) son called Miles.

In the photo, John has got Luna in his arms. Chrissy has got one sister, Tina. She is Luna and Miles’ (d) aunt.

John’s brothers, Vaughn and Ronald, are Luna and Miles’ (e) uncles. Tina is John’s (f) sister-in-law, and Vaughn and Ronald are Chrissy’s (g) brothers-in-law. They aren’t in the photo. They’re a very happy family!

4. Complete the sentences with these words.

If you’re single, you aren’t married. If you’re married and then you end the marriage, you’re divorced.

An only child doesn’t have any brothers or sisters.

You can use the word partner to describe either a husband or wife, or the person that someone lives with.

One-parent families are families in which only the father or the mother lives at home and looks after the children.

Your immediate family is you, your parents and your brothers and sisters. Your extended family includes grandparents, cousins, etc.

A twin is one of two children born at the same time to the same mother.

A relative is a member of your family, especially one who doesn’t live with you.

1. Discuss the questions.

1. What can you see in the photos on this page?
   
   Photo 1 A toddler with spaghetti or food spilled all over his head and face, throwing a mess while eating.
   
   Photo 2 A mother taking a selfie on her smartphone with her teenage son, who looks slightly unamused or awkward.
   
   
   
2. Imagine that these are old photos of you. Would you like your parents to post these photos on social media and share them online? Why/Why not?
   
   No, I wouldn’t like it because the first photo is embarrassing, and I wouldn’t want people to see me making a mess. For the second photo, I prefer to have control over my own image on social media rather than my parents posting photos of me without asking.
   
   Yes, I wouldn’t mind because they are just fun childhood memories, and it’s nice to share funny moments with family and friends.

2. Read the article and choose the best title. Explain your choice.

Correct Choice: 2 (Parents! Talk to your kids before you share their images on social media)

Title 1 is too extreme (the text does not say never post, but rather to be careful and listen to children). Title 3 is incorrect because posting is not illegal everywhere—only in specific countries under specific conditions.

3. Read the article again and choose the best answers.

b have no control over what their parents are doing.
c make an important mistake when they post photos of their children.
a parents need to ask their children before they post images of them.
b isn’t a problem if parents talk to their children.

4. What do the underlined words and phrases in the text mean?

sharenting: The practice of parents using social media to share news, images, or videos of their children.
adolescents: Teenagers or young people who are developing from a child into an adult.
far away: At a great distance in space or time; distant.
privacy settings: Controls on social media websites and apps that allow users to manage
who can see their profile and posts.
permission: Official allowance or consent to do something.
fine: A sum of money exacted as a penalty by a court or authority.
sensible: Showing or having good sense and judgment.

Many parents post photos of their children online. Small kids do not care, but older kids often hate it. For example, a 16-year-old boy in Italy sued his mother to stop her from sharing his photos. In France, parents who do this can get a big fine. Because of this, parents should always ask children over ten before sharing their photos.