I. The Changing Role of Public Libraries
- What is the main reason modern libraries have changed their services?
a) People no longer read books.
b) They are responding to technological and social changes.
c) Governments have prohibited traditional libraries.
d) Printed books have completely disappeared. - Traditionally, one of the main purposes of libraries was to
a) produce digital content.
b) organize community festivals.
c) provide access to information.
d) teach computer programming. - The pronoun “they” in paragraph 4 refers to
a) researchers.
b) visitors.
c) librarians.
d) social media users. - Makerspaces are mentioned as places where people can
a) buy new computers.
b) create things using technology.
c) read only printed materials.
d) work without interacting with others. - The word “reliable” is closest in meaning to
a) trustworthy.
b) expensive.
c) complicated.
d) temporary. - Which statement is NOT true according to the text?
a) Some libraries provide Internet access.
b) Librarians may help people evaluate information.
c) Digital technology has eliminated the need for physical libraries.
d) Libraries may organize courses and workshops. - The final paragraph mainly discusses
a) difficulties libraries have to manage.
b) the history of printed books.
c) ways of becoming a librarian.
d) reasons people dislike technology. - What can be inferred about modern librarians?
a) They only need knowledge of literature.
b) Their work requires a wider range of skills than before.
c) Their role has become unnecessary.
d) They mainly repair computers. - Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the text?
a) Modern technology has made public libraries unnecessary.
b) Libraries should stop lending printed books.
c) Libraries have remained useful by expanding their functions.
d) Libraries are mainly entertainment centres today. - The text is mainly organized as
a) an explanation of how libraries have evolved and adapted.
b) an argument against digital technology.
c) instructions for establishing a library.
d) a comparison of libraries in different countries.
II. Choose the right option
Text A 11. Online education has expanded rapidly over the past decade.
a) has expanded
b) expanded
c) had expanded
d) is expanded
12. When universities first began offering online courses, many educators believed that students would learn less effectively outside traditional classrooms.
a) believe
b) had believing
c) believed
d) have believed
13. During the global pandemic, however, thousands of institutions were forced to move lessons online.
a) were forced
b) have forced
c) forced
d) are forcing
14. By the time campuses fully reopened, many teachers had developed new digital teaching skills.
a) develop
b) have developed
c) had developed
d) will develop
15. Experts believe that online tools will remain an important part of education in the future.
a) remained
b) will remain
c) had remained
d) were remaining
Text B 16. By 2050, many large cities will have introduced new methods of producing food locally.
a) will have introduced
b) introduced
c) have introduced
d) were introducing
№ 17 Currently, urban planners are experimenting with rooftop gardens and vertical farms. a) experimented b) are experimenting c) had experimented d) will have experimented
№ 18 Such systems are designed to reduce the distance food travels before reaching consumers. a) design b) designed c) are designed d) have designing
№ 19 If production costs decrease, more businesses may adopt these technologies. a) may adopt b) must have adopted c) had adopted d) are adopted
№ 20 As a result, traditional supply chains could be shortened considerably. a) could shorten b) could be shortened c) have shortening d) were shorten
Text C
№ 21 Because the wood was unusually well preserved, experts believe that it must have been covered quickly by mud. a) must have been covered b) must cover c) should cover d) had to covering
№ 22 Its owners may have left it during a sudden flood. a) may have left b) may leave c) should be leaving d) have to leave
№ 23 Some objects found inside came from a distant region, so the boat could have been used for trade. a) could have been used b) could use c) must be using d) may used
№ 24 Since one side was badly damaged, it might have struck a rock before being abandoned. a) might have struck b) might strike c) has to strike d) might be struck
№ 25 Archaeologists say they cannot yet determine exactly what happened until further research is completed. a) cannot yet determine b) must have determined c) had determined d) should determining
III. Choose the appropriate option
№ 26 The committee consists of twelve members. a) from b) of c) with d) at
№ 27 She speaks English fluently enough to take part in the international conference. a) enough fluently b) fluent enough c) fluently enough d) enough fluent
№ 28 It was such a difficult task that several students needed additional time. a) so b) such c) such a d) so a
№ 29 I used to get up very early when I lived in the countryside. a) used to b) was used c) use to d) am used to
№ 30 Everyone attended the meeting except Mark, who was ill. a) besides b) beside c) except d) apart
№ 31 The number of applicants has increased considerably this year. a) have increased b) has increased c) are increasing d) have been increase
№ 32 I wish I had had more time to prepare yesterday. a) have b) had c) had had d) would have
№ 33 You had better call the doctor immediately. a) to call b) calling c) called d) call
№ 34 «I haven’t read that novel yet.» — «Neither have I.» a) So haven’t I b) Neither have I c) Neither I have d) Nor I haven’t
№ 35 The roof needs repairing before winter begins. a) repair b) repaired c) repairing d) to repairing
№ 36 He whispered so that he wouldn’t wake the baby. a) because b) so that c) although d) despite
№ 37 You cannot enter the building unless you show your identification card. a) unless b) if c) because d) although
IV. Fill in the blanks with the word form that best fits each space
№ 38 Careful planning is necessary before an experiment begins. a) planner b) planned c) planning d) planful
№ 39 Researchers should remain objective even when the results do not support their original ideas. a) objectively b) objective c) objectivity d) object
№ 40 All measurements must be recorded accurately, because even small errors may affect the final result. a) accuracy b) accurate c) accurately d) inaccurate
№ 41 Unexpected findings can sometimes lead to important discoveries. a) discover b) discoveries c) discovering d) discoverable
№ 42 Finally, scientists must communicate their conclusions clearly so that other researchers can evaluate their work. a) clearly b) clearness c) clear d) clearing
